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Tajweed Rules

Madd Asli (Tabi'i)

Compiled and edited by: Syed Abdul Salam

Scholarly review: Dr. Uzma, Imam Syed Siraj Munir

Updated:

Quran script:
Colour guide

In the Quranic examples only the letters to which the rule applies are coloured; the rest of the word stays black. Each colour has one fixed meaning throughout the book:

Ghunnah: Ikhfa', Iqlab, Idgham bi-Ghunnah, doubled Nun and Mim
Izhar: Halqi, Shafawi, Qamari
A letter that is written but not pronounced, or fully merged without Ghunnah
Qalqalah
Madd of two counts: Tabi'i, Badal, Silah Sughra, 'Iwad
Madd of four or five counts: Muttasil, Munfasil, Silah Kubra
Madd Lazim of six counts
Madd of 2, 4 or 6 counts: 'Arid li-s-Sukun and Lin at a stop
Tafkhim (heavy)
Tarqiq (light)
The letter under study in the example
Special cases: Sakt, Imalah, Tashil, Ishmam

It is the Madd without which the letter itself does not exist, and it needs no cause such as a Hamzah or sukun. It lasts two counts, whether joining or stopping. Attached to it are:

  • Madd al-'Iwad (مَدّ العِوَض): stopping on a Tanwin with fathah by turning it into an Alif, as when stopping on ﴿عَلِيمًا حَكِيمٗاعَلِيْمًا حَكِيْمًا﴾ (An-Nisa 4:17).
  • Silah Sughra (الصِّلَة الصُّغْرَى): lengthening the pronoun Ha' between two voweled letters with no Hamzah after, as in ﴿إِنَّهُۥ هُوَاِنَّهٗ هُوَ﴾ (Al-Isra 17:1). Details are in the chapter on Ha' al-Kinayah.
  • Madd at-Tamkin (مَدّ التَّمْكِين): a Madd Ya after a doubled Ya with kasrah, as in ﴿حُيِّيتُمحُيِّيْتُمْ﴾ (An-Nisa 4:86).
  • The opening letters of surahs gathered in حيٌّ طَهُرَ, as explained below.