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Tajweed Rules

Special Words in the Riwayah of Hafs

Compiled and edited by: Syed Abdul Salam

Scholarly review: Dr. Uzma, Imam Syed Siraj Munir

Updated:

Quran script:
Colour guide

In the Quranic examples only the letters to which the rule applies are coloured; the rest of the word stays black. Each colour has one fixed meaning throughout the book:

Ghunnah: Ikhfa', Iqlab, Idgham bi-Ghunnah, doubled Nun and Mim
Izhar: Halqi, Shafawi, Qamari
A letter that is written but not pronounced, or fully merged without Ghunnah
Qalqalah
Madd of two counts: Tabi'i, Badal, Silah Sughra, 'Iwad
Madd of four or five counts: Muttasil, Munfasil, Silah Kubra
Madd Lazim of six counts
Madd of 2, 4 or 6 counts: 'Arid li-s-Sukun and Lin at a stop
Tafkhim (heavy)
Tarqiq (light)
The letter under study in the example
Special cases: Sakt, Imalah, Tashil, Ishmam

This is a summary of the places with a special rule in the riwayah of Hafs 'an 'Asim by way of ash-Shatibiyyah, gathered in one table for easy revision. Most were explained in their chapters:

PlaceRule in Hafs
﴿عِوَجَاۜ﴾ (Al-Kahf 18:1) ﴿قَيِّمٗا﴾ (Al-Kahf 18:2)A light pause on the Alif of 'iwaja, without breath
﴿مِن مَّرۡقَدِنَاۜۗ﴾ (Ya-Sin 36:52)A pause on the Alif of marqadina, then hadha
﴿مَنۡۜ رَاقٖ﴾ (Al-Qiyamah 75:27)A pause on the Nun, so no merging
﴿بَلۡۜ رَانَ﴾ (Al-Mutaffifin 83:14)A pause on the Lam, so no merging
﴿مَجۡر۪ىٰهَا﴾ (Hud 11:41)Major Imalah (الإِمَالَة): the fathah leans towards kasrah and the Alif towards Ya; the Ra' is light
﴿ءَايَٰتُهُۥٓۖ ءَا۬عۡجَمِيّٞ﴾ (Fussilat 41:44)Tashil (التَّسْهِيل) of the second Hamzah, between Hamzah and Alif
﴿لَا تَأۡمَ۬نَّا﴾ (Yusuf 12:11)Merging the Nun into Nun with Ishmam (الإِشْمَام) (rounding the lips), which is preferred, or Izhar with Rawm (الرَّوْم)
﴿مِن ضَعۡفٖ﴾ (Ar-Rum 30:54)In all three places: fathah on the Dad, which is preferred, or dammah
﴿وَيَبۡصُۜطُ﴾ (Al-Baqarah 2:245) ﴿بَصۜۡطَةٗۖ﴾ (Al-A'raf 7:69)With Sin only
﴿ٱلۡمُصَۜيۡطِرُونَ﴾ (At-Tur 52:37)With Sad or Sin; Sad is preferred
﴿بِمُصَيۡطِرٍ﴾ (Al-Ghashiyah 88:22)With Sad only
﴿مَالِيَهۡۜ﴾ (Al-Haqqah 69:28) ﴿هَلَكَ﴾ (Al-Haqqah 69:29)When joining: Sakt with Izhar, or Idgham
﴿الٓمٓ ١﴾ (Ali 'Imran 3:1) ﴿ٱللَّهُ﴾ (Ali 'Imran 3:2)When joining: six counts on the Mim, or two
﴿كٓهيعٓصٓ ١﴾ (Maryam 19:1) ﴿عٓسٓقٓ ٢﴾ (Ash-Shuraa 42:2)'Ayn: four or six counts; six is preferred
﴿يسٓ ١﴾ (Ya-Sin 36:1) ﴿وَٱلۡقُرۡءَانِ﴾ (Ya-Sin 36:2) ﴿نٓۚ وَٱلۡقَلَمِ﴾ (Al-Qalam 68:1)Izhar of the silent Nun before Waw
﴿ءَآلذَّكَرَيۡنِ﴾ (Al-An'am 6:143) ﴿ءَآلۡـَٰٔنَ﴾ (Yunus 10:51) ﴿قُلۡ ءَآللَّهُ﴾ (Yunus 10:59)Changing the Hamzat al-Wasl into Alif with six counts, or easing it
﴿ٱرۡكَب مَّعَنَا﴾ (Hud 11:42) ﴿يَلۡهَثۚ ذَّٰلِكَ﴾ (Al-A'raf 7:176)Ba merged into Mim, and Tha into Dhal
﴿نَخۡلُقكُّم﴾ (Al-Mursalat 77:20)Complete merging, preferred, or incomplete
﴿كُلُّ فِرۡقٖ﴾ (Ash-Shu'ara 26:63)The Ra' heavy or light
﴿ءَاتَىٰنِۦَ ٱللَّهُ﴾ (An-Naml 27:36)At a stop: with a silent Ya or without
﴿سَلَٰسِلَاْ﴾ (Al-Insan 76:4)At a stop: with Alif or with sukun
﴿يَرۡضَهُ لَكُمۡۗ﴾ (Az-Zumar 39:7)Dammah on the Ha', without Silah
﴿فِيهِۦ مُهَانًا﴾ (Al-Furqan 25:69)Silah of the Ha' although the letter before is silent
PlaceRule in Hafs
﴿عِوَجًا﴾ (Al-Kahf 18:1) ﴿قَيِّمًا﴾ (Al-Kahf 18:2)A light pause on the Alif of 'iwaja, without breath
﴿مِنْ مَّرْقَدِنَاﴱ﴾ (Ya-Sin 36:52)A pause on the Alif of marqadina, then hadha
﴿مَنْﶌ رَاقٍ﴾ (Al-Qiyamah 75:27)A pause on the Nun, so no merging
﴿بَلْﶌ رَانَ﴾ (Al-Mutaffifin 83:14)A pause on the Lam, so no merging
﴿مَجْرٖىهَا﴾ (Hud 11:41)Major Imalah (الإِمَالَة): the fathah leans towards kasrah and the Alif towards Ya; the Ra' is light
﴿اٰيٰتُهٗﵧ ءَاَۙعْجَمِيٌّ﴾ (Fussilat 41:44)Tashil (التَّسْهِيل) of the second Hamzah, between Hamzah and Alif
﴿لَا تَاْمَنَّا﴾ (Yusuf 12:11)Merging the Nun into Nun with Ishmam (الإِشْمَام) (rounding the lips), which is preferred, or Izhar with Rawm (الرَّوْم)
﴿مِنْ ضُۙعْفٍ﴾ (Ar-Rum 30:54)In all three places: fathah on the Dad, which is preferred, or dammah
﴿وَيَبْصُۜطُﵣ﴾ (Al-Baqarah 2:245) ﴿بَصْۜطَةًﵐ﴾ (Al-A'raf 7:69)With Sin only
﴿الْمُصَۜيْطِرُوْنَ﴾ (At-Tur 52:37)With Sad or Sin; Sad is preferred
﴿بِمُصَۜيْطِرٍ﴾ (Al-Ghashiyah 88:22)With Sad only
﴿مَالِيَهْ﴾ (Al-Haqqah 69:28) ﴿هَلَكَ﴾ (Al-Haqqah 69:29)When joining: Sakt with Izhar, or Idgham
﴿الٓمَّٓ ١﴾ (Ali 'Imran 3:1) ﴿اللّٰهُ﴾ (Ali 'Imran 3:2)When joining: six counts on the Mim, or two
﴿كٓهٰيٰعٓصٓ ١﴾ (Maryam 19:1) ﴿عٓسٓقٓ ٢﴾ (Ash-Shuraa 42:2)'Ayn: four or six counts; six is preferred
﴿يٰسٓ ١﴾ (Ya-Sin 36:1) ﴿وَالْقُرْاٰنِ﴾ (Ya-Sin 36:2) ﴿نٓ وَالْقَلَمِ﴾ (Al-Qalam 68:1)Izhar of the silent Nun before Waw
﴿ءٰٓالذَّكَرَيْنِ﴾ (Al-An'am 6:143) ﴿آٰلْـٰٔنَ﴾ (Yunus 10:51) ﴿قُلْ آٰللّٰهُ﴾ (Yunus 10:59)Changing the Hamzat al-Wasl into Alif with six counts, or easing it
﴿ارْكَبْ مَّعَنَا﴾ (Hud 11:42) ﴿يَلْهَثْﵧ ذٰلِكَ﴾ (Al-A'raf 7:176)Ba merged into Mim, and Tha into Dhal
﴿نَخْلُقْكُّمْ﴾ (Al-Mursalat 77:20)Complete merging, preferred, or incomplete
﴿كُلُّ فِرْقٍ﴾ (Ash-Shu'ara 26:63)The Ra' heavy or light
﴿اٰتٰىنِۦَ اللّٰهُ﴾ (An-Naml 27:36)At a stop: with a silent Ya or without
﴿سَلٰسِلَا۠﴾ (Al-Insan 76:4)At a stop: with Alif or with sukun
﴿يَرْضَهُ لَكُمْﵧ﴾ (Az-Zumar 39:7)Dammah on the Ha', without Silah
﴿فِيْهٖ مُهَانًا﴾ (Al-Furqan 25:69)Silah of the Ha' although the letter before is silent
Note
In the Indo-Pak Mushaf: ﴿مِنْ ضُۙعْفٍ﴾ (Ar-Rum 30:54) is written with a dammah on the Dad and a small sign over it; for Hafs by way of ash-Shatibiyyah the fathah is preferred and the dammah is allowed. The Sad of ﴿الْمُصَۜيْطِرُوْنَ﴾ (At-Tur 52:37) and of ﴿بِمُصَۜيْطِرٍ﴾ (Al-Ghashiyah 88:22) carries the same small Sin, but the rule differs: in at-Tur both Sad and Sin, Sad preferred; in al-Ghashiyah Sad only. The Saktah sign on «عوجا» does not show in the digital text used here, but the Saktah is read. ﴿لَا تَاْمَنَّا﴾ (Yusuf 12:11) and ﴿اٰيٰتُهٗﵧ ءَاَۙعْجَمِيٌّ﴾ (Fussilat 41:44) carry small signs for Ishmam and Tashil, as in the table.
Sources: Ibn al-Jazari, an-Nashr fi al-Qira'at al-'Ashr: فرش الحروف في مواضعها من الكتاب; Al-Marsafi, Hidayat al-Qari ila Tajwid Kalam al-Bari: الكلمات الخاصة برواية حفص.